Joint Legal Custody --- This means that both parents have equal rights and responsibilities, including the right to participate in major decisions determining the child's upbringing, including education, health care and religious training. [see also L for "Legal Custody' and P for "Physical Custody." ]

Joint Fact-Finding --- Joint fact finding is a process in which two or more disputants work together to clarify disputed facts in a conflict.

Joint Sessions -- Phases in a mediation when the negotiating parties are brought together. The Opening Joint Session takes the form of an introduction by the mediator and brief presentations by each party of their case at a round table meeting.

Judicial Appraisal -- A procedure, sometimes known as 'Rent-a-judge' where the parties appoint a judge to receive written representations from each side and make an appraisal of the likely result if the case goes to court. The parties must agree the form and extent of submissions and whether the appraisal is to be binding or not.

Judicial review --- A case brought before a court to determine if the decisions made by a labor board or other government agency are legal.

Judge Hosted Settlement Conferences --- The most common form of ADR used in federal and state courts in the USA is the settlement conference presided over by a judge or magistrate judge. Almost 94 of the federal district courts use judicial settlement conferences routinely, and nearly one-third of the courts assign this role almost exclusively to magistrate judges. The classic role of the settlement judge is to articulate judgments about the merits of the case and to facilitate the trading of settlement offers. Some settlement judges and magistrate judges also use mediation techniques in the settlement conference to improve communication among the parties, probe barriers to settlement, and assist in formulating resolutions. In some courts, a specific judge or magistrate judge is designated as settlement judge. In others, the assigned judge (or another judicial officer who will not hear the case) hosts settlement conferences at various points during the litigation, often directly before trial.

"Just Cause" --- A "due process" provision commonly negotiated into a collective bargaining agreement that requires the employer to demonstrate proof of an employee's guilt before taking disciplinary action like suspension, or termination. Without such a protection, common law generally allows employers to terminate employees "at-will" (without cause).

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